For This Exercise, I Went To The Sfu Fitness Centre. The

For this exercise, I went to the SFU fitness centre. The gym is mainly intended for staff and students, although it is open to the public for a fee ranging from $5-$45 per month, should they wish to make the trek up the mountain. They have a variety of equipment available for use, including exercise and cardio machines as well as free weights. Upon entering the fitness centre, there is a desk with staff, however, the electronic system simply requires members to scan their membership card – or their student card, as tuition includes membership. Most people who use the gym seem to be familiar with this system, which requires little input from the attending staff. The entrance is on the upper level of the fitness centre and opens into the†¦show more content†¦The veteran gym-goer proceeded to show her more novice friend how to use the cardio machine to achieve a more effective workout. After the initial tutorial, they both started working, and they seldom spoke for the remainder of their workout, their interaction limited to her easing up her friend’s difficulty level. Once they had finished with their machines, the veteran wiped hers and her friend’s machines down – thereby acting as an agent of socialisation and introducing him to a fitness centre norm – before they went to do som e stretching and cool-down. This area seemed to be the source of most of the conversations in the fitness centre. Because people were less focused on their exercise, they were freer to interact with each other and did so. Each person has their own goals and reasons for being there, although they may be similar. I overheard one girl talking, for instance, about her mother’s health problems; a possible reason for her to exercise while she is able. The machines all have different settings, both for height and difficulty, and there is an array of different weights to accommodate the wide range of goals and ability levels. Users can thereby use agency to choose a fitness regimen and difficulty level to fit their abilities, challenge them, and still stay within their physical limits. The manifest functions of a fitness centre like SFU’s are quite

The Reality Behind Jim Crow - 1255 Words

Jim Crow was the name of a racial system instituted after slavery to subordinate free blacks and it was a system instituted primarily in the South that legalized segregation between black and white people. With these set of laws, black and white people lived in separate neighborhoods, attended separate schools, had separate public restrooms, and went to separate restaurants and movie theaters. These laws were instituted under the pretext that it was better for everyone not to mix the races as well as the concept of separate but equal. Obviously, there were alternative motives and the notion separate but equal was false. The reality behind Jim Crow was separate and unequal access from 1890 to 1965. W.E.B Du Bois, Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, Malcolm X, and Booker T. Washington were leaders who fought to end the injustices resulted from Jim Crow- segregation, lynching, and mass incarceration. This information is what I learned from first grade to my senior year of high school. T his information is what I read in various books. We never discussed parks. Beginning in the 1920s, state parks were becoming more systematized. There were many places that were great to build a national park, but there were some places that were not as desirable for a national park, so these places were turned into state parks. However, the main point of creating a state park was to create more places for people to visit, especially for people who were unable to travel as far as the west toShow MoreRelatedIs The Mass Incarceration Of Blacks The New Jim Crow?1540 Words   |  7 PagesIs the Mass Incarceration of Blacks the new Jim Crow? American has a legacy of the mistreatment and disenfranchisement of African Americans. The same bad treatment that many think only took place in the past is in fact still intact, it’s just presented in a new way. The mass incarceration of blacks in the Unites States can be attributed to the â€Å"racial hierarchy† that has always existed. 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Malcolm Baldrige Essay Example For Students

Malcolm Baldrige Essay The Malcolm Baldrige Award is the highest most recognized quality award inthe United States of America. In 1987 the U.S. Congress established the MalcolmBaldrige award program to recognize U.S. organizations for their achievements inthe quality and performance excellence as a competitive edge. Its recipients,that are well known, are held on a plateau over other companies competing forthe same market share. Not only does it recognize excelled companies for theirexcellent commitments, it also is used as a selling point. This can be evidentif you look at the recipients profits from one year to the next. Later on, youwill see how Motorola, the very first recipient was changed by the awarding ofthe Baldrige to them and what the award did for the company. The U.S. Congress saw a need for American companies to focus on quality andwhat is stood for. In the early and mid-1980s, many industry and governmentleaders saw that a renewed emphasis on quality was no longer an option forAmerican companies which were falling behind in the global economy. However,many American companies didnt feel that quality was important or that itwouldnt take them anywhere, well they were wrong. The Baldrige Award stood as astandard of excellence that would help U.S. organizations achieve world-classquality programs and products. Now in 1999, not only can U.S. companies partakein the Award process, so can education and health care providers as well. The criteria for the Baldrige Award, which has changed over the years, hasplayed a major role in achieving the goals established Congress. The standardsset is recognized not only nation wide but universally as the standards forperformance excellence. Two major criteria which the Malcolm Baldrige Awardwhats companies to focus on are, delivering ever improving value to customersand improving overall performance in the organization. Who are the companies who have won the Malcolm Baldrige Award? Well, in thepast 12 years a total of 37 companies have won the award, and the list keepsgrowing. Ranging from Motorola Inc., to Boeing, from 3M Dental products, toXerox Corp., from Cadillac Motor Car, to Ames Rubber Corp, and from Ritz-CarltonHotel to AT;T. These are just some of the elite corporations in the UnitedStates, which have won this prestigious award. Who will be next now one knows,maybe the company you work for. Born in 1922 in Omaha, Nebraska, Malcolm Baldrige was an American dreamerfrom the get go. Graduating from Yale University with a bachelors degree, in1944, he headed down his path of life. Before moving into the working world,Baldrige served in the Pacific as a Captain during WWII. Beginning his career in1947 as a foundry hand in an iron company, he rose to become the companiesPresident in 1960. On December 11, 1980, President Ronald Reagan nominatedMalcolm to be Secretary of Commerce. He was a leader among many businessmen anda friend to many of the worlds most powerful leaders. He opens the gates to theeast and even into the Soviet Union. Not only was he a skillful man with overseaaffairs, he also had the upper hand in the Commerce Department, buy reducing thebudget by 30% and man power by 25%. The economic liberty and strongcompetition that are indispensable to economic progress were principles thatMac Baldrige stressed. President Ronald Reagan. In 1987Baldrige died in a rodeo acci dent in the state of California. The Malcolm Baldrige Award Foundation is a public and private partnership,which creates the backbone for the award itself. Signed into Law on August 20,1987 by President Ronald Reagan, Public Law 100-107 states that it is in thecountries best interest to produce quality products in order to compete in theglobal economy. Based off of seven basic categories, which are: Leadership,Strategic planning, Customer and market focus, Information and analysis, Humanresource focus, Process management, and Business results, todays corporationstrive to be the best in there market and create a competitive edge above therest. This joint public and private program generates approximately $100 milliondollars privately and 4.9 million from the federal government. .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c , .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c .postImageUrl , .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c , .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c:hover , .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c:visited , .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c:active { border:0!important; } .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c:active , .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: John Stuart Mill EssayWho will win the next Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Improvement Award, noone knows. But all across America companies will be striving to provide the bestservice to their customers, employees, and suppliers because they know in orderto survive, Quality must be job one. So even though the process isdifficult, companies of today and companies of tomorrow will strive to be thebest at what they do no matter what the cost. Category: Business

The Mandan Indians were a small, peaceful tribe lo Essay Example For Students

The Mandan Indians were a small, peaceful tribe lo Essay cated at the mouth of the Knife River on the Missouri near present day Bismarck, North Dakota. The Mandan were most known for their friendliness and their homes, called earth lodges. The women of the Mandan tribe tended their gardens, prepared food, and maintained lodges while the men spent their time hunting or seeking spiritual knowledge. The Mandan Indians performed many ceremonies such as the Buffalo Dance and the Okipa Ceremony that have been the center of great interest to many historians. The Mandan are also an important part of history because Lewis and Clark spent their first winter with these people and met Sacagawea, who helped guide them for the rest of their journey west. Mandan villages were the center of the social, spiritual, and economic lives of the Mandan Indians. Villages were strategically located on bluffs overlooking the river for defense purposes, limiting attacks to one land approach. The Mandan lived in earth lodges, which are extremely large, round huts tha t are 15 feet high and 40-60 feet in diameter. Each hut had a vestibule entrance, much like the pattern of an Eskimo igloo, and a square hole on top, which served as a smokestack. Each earth lodge housed 10-30 people and their belongings, and villages contained 50-120 earth lodges. The frame of an earth lodge was made from tree trunks, which were covered with criss-crossed willow branches. Over the branches they placed dirt and sod, which coined the term earth lodge. This type of construction made the roofs strong enough to support people on nights of good weather. The floors of earth lodges were made of dirt and the middle was dug out to make a bench around the outer edge of the lodge. Encompassing the village were stockades of poles as tall as six feet high to prevent enemy attacks. In the middle of a Mandan village was a large, circular, open space that was called the central plaza. In the middle of the plaza was a sacred cedar post that represented the Lone Man, a hero to the Ma ndan. At the North end of the plaza was the medicine or ceremonial lodge. The arrangement of earth lodges around the central plaza represented the social status of each family. Villagers who had important ceremonial duties were located closer to the plaza than those who were not. The rich, floodplain fields that surrounded the village made agriculture the basis of Mandan existence. On top of preparing food and maintaining lodges, sustaining gardens was the task of women within the village. The agricultural year began in April when women would clear the fields by burning the old stalks and weeds of the previous years crops. Around May they planted rows of corn, beans, tobacco, pumpkin, sunflowers and squash perpendicular to the sun so that the crops would get the most sunlight. To tend their gardens, women used tools such as a digging stick, rake, and hoe made out of wood or buffalo bones. Mandan gardens had many enemies, including prairie dogs, birds, and small rodents. In order to protect their gardens from these predators they often constructed scarecrows out of buffalo hide. Another way Mandan women tried to protect their gardens was by practicing rituals that called on the supernatural for help. Often, women performed daily cleansing rituals before entering their gardens by rubbing sage over their bodies, which they believed would protect their crops from worms and disease. Harvesting began in late August with squash and ended in October with corn. After harvest, women would dry the corn in scaffolds that were built above the ground. After the corn was dry, women picked the seeds that they would use for the next years garden and the rest was buried with other dried garden items in caches (underground storage pits) to preserve them through the winter. These caches were deep enough to require a ladder and often took several days to build. Once they were built they were lined with grass and buffalo hide. The dried corn, squash, and sunflowers were placed insi de. The caches were then covered with a layer of buffalo hide, then a layer of dirt, and grass on top. Besides vegetables, women supplemented the diets of their families by digging roots, picking berries, and catching fish. The men of the Mandan villages were warriors whose main pursuit was buffalo, but they also hunted deer, elk, antelope, bear, and waterfowl. Boys started training for hunting soon after they were able to walk. Grandfathers would give young boys bows and blunt arrows to play with and often initiated simulated battles between two groups of boys to teach them how to fight properly. At the age seven, boys were allowed to shoot and kill rabbits, which they were allowed to keep and most times gave to their grandfathers as repayment for giving them their first bow and arrow. As men grew older they were allowed to join hunting parties as a scout where they would cook, keep fires, and tend camp for the older men. As they grew older and wiser they would join in the actual h unting party. When men became confident in their hunting skills they would initiate a hunting party of their own. This was risky because if they did not accomplish a successful hunt they lost social status within the village. Before leaving on a buffalo hunt men took sweat baths to rid them of their human smell and would disguise themselves in wolf skin. The main weapons used for hunting were a bow and arrow, knives and clubs. Mandan warriors tracked buffalo for many miles. If they could not kill them with their bows and arrows they would stampede the herd while trying to separate one from the group, which they would eventually drive off of a cliff. Mandan Indians only killed as much meat as they could carry back to the village on their backs or in a contraption known as a travois. As soon as the buffalo were killed, what could not be eaten right away was cut into thin strips for drying to be taken back to the village. Buffalo provided meat, hides, bones, and sinew to the Mandan vil lages, which were used in everyday articles such as weapons, clothing, and tools. People within a village could tell what a warrior had accomplished by the way he dressed or by the markings he had. Certain stripes of paint, feathers, and clothing told fellow villagers what or how many buffalo or other type of game a man had killed. Greatness in battle led to a higher status within the village, and women celebrated successful hunts with song, dance, and food. The Mandan Indians performed several rituals for certain seasons or initiations. The two most studied rituals were the Buffalo Dance and the Okipa Ceremony. The Buffalo Dance was performed to bring the buffalo near enough to the village so they could be killed. Over a course of three nights the elder men of the tribe sat in a circle and smoked a pipe while the younger men of the tribe presented their wives, naked except for a buffalo robe, to the elders and asked them to sleep with them. The young man kept offering his wife unti l the elder accepted. After the women were accepted, eight men participated in the actual dance and painted themselves black, red, and white with green willow boughs on their heads and buffalo skins on their backs. The dancers portrayed both hunters and buffalo and danced around the lodge and imitated an actual hunt. On the last day of the dance a man disguised as the spirit of famine entered the village. Young villagers shouted and threw stones until the spirit was driven away and then the entire tribe participated in a feast. The Okipa Ceremony was a four-day event where young men were initiated into the Mandan society, and involved a self-torture feature. This ceremony happened once or twice a year after a buffalo hunt when a man, wishing to fill an obligation to the village, would sponsor the ceremony. This man was called the Okipa Maker and in order to sponsor such a ceremony he must accumulate a vast amount of goods, which would in turn be given away during the ceremony. The O kipa Maker depended on his family and clan to help provide the goods needed for this event. Before and during the ceremony young boys who wished to become men within the village endured long periods of fasting during which a young boy hoped to be visited by a spirit, in animal form, who would give him power and guide him through life. The nature of their vision was reported to elders to determine their role within the village. After the vision, the young men chose a family member to cut holes through the skin on their chest and inserted two skewers, attached to a long piece of hide, that would suspend him in the air from the central beams of the medicine lodge. Once the boy was rendered unconscious, he was lowered to the ground to regain consciousness without harassment from others. The objective of the ceremony was to test a mans endurance and strength to insure he was indeed worthy of becoming a warrior. The Mandan Indians are also known for the fact that Lewis and Clark spent the ir first winter among these people. Lewis and Clark arrived in the Mandan village in November of 1804 after 1,600 miles and 164 days of traveling and within four weeks constructed Fort Mandan, which they named after their Indian friends. Lewis and Clark stayed with the Mandans for five months during which time they met a fur trader named Toussaint Charbonneau, his Shoshoni wife Sacagawea, and their infant son Jean Baptiste. Sacagaweas homeland was in the Rocky Mountains, most likely near present day Lehmi, Idaho, but she had been kidnapped when she was twelve years old and five years later was sold to Charbonneau. Lewis and Clark hired Charbonneau and his wife as interpreters and guides to help them cross the western mountains. Sacagawea turned out to be very useful to Lewis and Clarks expedition with her incredible sense of direction and by teaching the 33-member group how to find wild food such as artichokes, carrots and potatoes. She also mended their clothing with thread and a n eedle made out of bird bone. By the time the trip was completed she had made 338 moccasins for the men of the expedition. Contact with Europeans in the late 1700s put the Mandan up against disease, an enemy they could not fight. Small pox forced the Mandan to move to Fort Berthhold Indian Reservation, along with their neighbors the Arikaras and the Hidatsas, who were also plagued with disease. To this day many Mandan Indians live near Mandan, North Dakota right across the Missouri River from Bismarck, North Dakota. Every year the Mandan Indians and several other area tribes have a pow wow where they perform dances and sell jewelry and food for audiences from all around the world. Fort Lincoln State Park Mandan Village is a park located just outside Mandan that has a small village of actual earth lodges that visitors can walk into and see. Visitors feel like they have been taken back into a part of history because all the items one would have found during that time are in the lodges. One lodge even has a man (not real) hanging from the rafters representing the Okipa Ceremony. The park is a truly amazing sight to see and keeps the memory alive and well about the Mandan Indians heritage and way of life. .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e , .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e .postImageUrl , .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e , .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e:hover , .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e:visited , .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e:active { border:0!important; } .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e:active , .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Proyecto de aula ica.docx Essay We will write a custom essay on The Mandan Indians were a small, peaceful tribe lo specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now