For This Exercise, I Went To The Sfu Fitness Centre. The

For this exercise, I went to the SFU fitness centre. The gym is mainly intended for staff and students, although it is open to the public for a fee ranging from $5-$45 per month, should they wish to make the trek up the mountain. They have a variety of equipment available for use, including exercise and cardio machines as well as free weights. Upon entering the fitness centre, there is a desk with staff, however, the electronic system simply requires members to scan their membership card – or their student card, as tuition includes membership. Most people who use the gym seem to be familiar with this system, which requires little input from the attending staff. The entrance is on the upper level of the fitness centre and opens into the†¦show more content†¦The veteran gym-goer proceeded to show her more novice friend how to use the cardio machine to achieve a more effective workout. After the initial tutorial, they both started working, and they seldom spoke for the remainder of their workout, their interaction limited to her easing up her friend’s difficulty level. Once they had finished with their machines, the veteran wiped hers and her friend’s machines down – thereby acting as an agent of socialisation and introducing him to a fitness centre norm – before they went to do som e stretching and cool-down. This area seemed to be the source of most of the conversations in the fitness centre. Because people were less focused on their exercise, they were freer to interact with each other and did so. Each person has their own goals and reasons for being there, although they may be similar. I overheard one girl talking, for instance, about her mother’s health problems; a possible reason for her to exercise while she is able. The machines all have different settings, both for height and difficulty, and there is an array of different weights to accommodate the wide range of goals and ability levels. Users can thereby use agency to choose a fitness regimen and difficulty level to fit their abilities, challenge them, and still stay within their physical limits. The manifest functions of a fitness centre like SFU’s are quite

The Reality Behind Jim Crow - 1255 Words

Jim Crow was the name of a racial system instituted after slavery to subordinate free blacks and it was a system instituted primarily in the South that legalized segregation between black and white people. With these set of laws, black and white people lived in separate neighborhoods, attended separate schools, had separate public restrooms, and went to separate restaurants and movie theaters. These laws were instituted under the pretext that it was better for everyone not to mix the races as well as the concept of separate but equal. Obviously, there were alternative motives and the notion separate but equal was false. The reality behind Jim Crow was separate and unequal access from 1890 to 1965. W.E.B Du Bois, Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, Malcolm X, and Booker T. Washington were leaders who fought to end the injustices resulted from Jim Crow- segregation, lynching, and mass incarceration. This information is what I learned from first grade to my senior year of high school. T his information is what I read in various books. We never discussed parks. Beginning in the 1920s, state parks were becoming more systematized. There were many places that were great to build a national park, but there were some places that were not as desirable for a national park, so these places were turned into state parks. However, the main point of creating a state park was to create more places for people to visit, especially for people who were unable to travel as far as the west toShow MoreRelatedIs The Mass Incarceration Of Blacks The New Jim Crow?1540 Words   |  7 PagesIs the Mass Incarceration of Blacks the new Jim Crow? American has a legacy of the mistreatment and disenfranchisement of African Americans. The same bad treatment that many think only took place in the past is in fact still intact, it’s just presented in a new way. The mass incarceration of blacks in the Unites States can be attributed to the â€Å"racial hierarchy† that has always existed. 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Malcolm Baldrige Essay Example For Students

Malcolm Baldrige Essay The Malcolm Baldrige Award is the highest most recognized quality award inthe United States of America. In 1987 the U.S. Congress established the MalcolmBaldrige award program to recognize U.S. organizations for their achievements inthe quality and performance excellence as a competitive edge. Its recipients,that are well known, are held on a plateau over other companies competing forthe same market share. Not only does it recognize excelled companies for theirexcellent commitments, it also is used as a selling point. This can be evidentif you look at the recipients profits from one year to the next. Later on, youwill see how Motorola, the very first recipient was changed by the awarding ofthe Baldrige to them and what the award did for the company. The U.S. Congress saw a need for American companies to focus on quality andwhat is stood for. In the early and mid-1980s, many industry and governmentleaders saw that a renewed emphasis on quality was no longer an option forAmerican companies which were falling behind in the global economy. However,many American companies didnt feel that quality was important or that itwouldnt take them anywhere, well they were wrong. The Baldrige Award stood as astandard of excellence that would help U.S. organizations achieve world-classquality programs and products. Now in 1999, not only can U.S. companies partakein the Award process, so can education and health care providers as well. The criteria for the Baldrige Award, which has changed over the years, hasplayed a major role in achieving the goals established Congress. The standardsset is recognized not only nation wide but universally as the standards forperformance excellence. Two major criteria which the Malcolm Baldrige Awardwhats companies to focus on are, delivering ever improving value to customersand improving overall performance in the organization. Who are the companies who have won the Malcolm Baldrige Award? Well, in thepast 12 years a total of 37 companies have won the award, and the list keepsgrowing. Ranging from Motorola Inc., to Boeing, from 3M Dental products, toXerox Corp., from Cadillac Motor Car, to Ames Rubber Corp, and from Ritz-CarltonHotel to AT;T. These are just some of the elite corporations in the UnitedStates, which have won this prestigious award. Who will be next now one knows,maybe the company you work for. Born in 1922 in Omaha, Nebraska, Malcolm Baldrige was an American dreamerfrom the get go. Graduating from Yale University with a bachelors degree, in1944, he headed down his path of life. Before moving into the working world,Baldrige served in the Pacific as a Captain during WWII. Beginning his career in1947 as a foundry hand in an iron company, he rose to become the companiesPresident in 1960. On December 11, 1980, President Ronald Reagan nominatedMalcolm to be Secretary of Commerce. He was a leader among many businessmen anda friend to many of the worlds most powerful leaders. He opens the gates to theeast and even into the Soviet Union. Not only was he a skillful man with overseaaffairs, he also had the upper hand in the Commerce Department, buy reducing thebudget by 30% and man power by 25%. The economic liberty and strongcompetition that are indispensable to economic progress were principles thatMac Baldrige stressed. President Ronald Reagan. In 1987Baldrige died in a rodeo acci dent in the state of California. The Malcolm Baldrige Award Foundation is a public and private partnership,which creates the backbone for the award itself. Signed into Law on August 20,1987 by President Ronald Reagan, Public Law 100-107 states that it is in thecountries best interest to produce quality products in order to compete in theglobal economy. Based off of seven basic categories, which are: Leadership,Strategic planning, Customer and market focus, Information and analysis, Humanresource focus, Process management, and Business results, todays corporationstrive to be the best in there market and create a competitive edge above therest. This joint public and private program generates approximately $100 milliondollars privately and 4.9 million from the federal government. .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c , .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c .postImageUrl , .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c , .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c:hover , .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c:visited , .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c:active { border:0!important; } .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c:active , .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1f55ba058cdf552f70ec624046f4f71c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: John Stuart Mill EssayWho will win the next Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Improvement Award, noone knows. But all across America companies will be striving to provide the bestservice to their customers, employees, and suppliers because they know in orderto survive, Quality must be job one. So even though the process isdifficult, companies of today and companies of tomorrow will strive to be thebest at what they do no matter what the cost. Category: Business

The Mandan Indians were a small, peaceful tribe lo Essay Example For Students

The Mandan Indians were a small, peaceful tribe lo Essay cated at the mouth of the Knife River on the Missouri near present day Bismarck, North Dakota. The Mandan were most known for their friendliness and their homes, called earth lodges. The women of the Mandan tribe tended their gardens, prepared food, and maintained lodges while the men spent their time hunting or seeking spiritual knowledge. The Mandan Indians performed many ceremonies such as the Buffalo Dance and the Okipa Ceremony that have been the center of great interest to many historians. The Mandan are also an important part of history because Lewis and Clark spent their first winter with these people and met Sacagawea, who helped guide them for the rest of their journey west. Mandan villages were the center of the social, spiritual, and economic lives of the Mandan Indians. Villages were strategically located on bluffs overlooking the river for defense purposes, limiting attacks to one land approach. The Mandan lived in earth lodges, which are extremely large, round huts tha t are 15 feet high and 40-60 feet in diameter. Each hut had a vestibule entrance, much like the pattern of an Eskimo igloo, and a square hole on top, which served as a smokestack. Each earth lodge housed 10-30 people and their belongings, and villages contained 50-120 earth lodges. The frame of an earth lodge was made from tree trunks, which were covered with criss-crossed willow branches. Over the branches they placed dirt and sod, which coined the term earth lodge. This type of construction made the roofs strong enough to support people on nights of good weather. The floors of earth lodges were made of dirt and the middle was dug out to make a bench around the outer edge of the lodge. Encompassing the village were stockades of poles as tall as six feet high to prevent enemy attacks. In the middle of a Mandan village was a large, circular, open space that was called the central plaza. In the middle of the plaza was a sacred cedar post that represented the Lone Man, a hero to the Ma ndan. At the North end of the plaza was the medicine or ceremonial lodge. The arrangement of earth lodges around the central plaza represented the social status of each family. Villagers who had important ceremonial duties were located closer to the plaza than those who were not. The rich, floodplain fields that surrounded the village made agriculture the basis of Mandan existence. On top of preparing food and maintaining lodges, sustaining gardens was the task of women within the village. The agricultural year began in April when women would clear the fields by burning the old stalks and weeds of the previous years crops. Around May they planted rows of corn, beans, tobacco, pumpkin, sunflowers and squash perpendicular to the sun so that the crops would get the most sunlight. To tend their gardens, women used tools such as a digging stick, rake, and hoe made out of wood or buffalo bones. Mandan gardens had many enemies, including prairie dogs, birds, and small rodents. In order to protect their gardens from these predators they often constructed scarecrows out of buffalo hide. Another way Mandan women tried to protect their gardens was by practicing rituals that called on the supernatural for help. Often, women performed daily cleansing rituals before entering their gardens by rubbing sage over their bodies, which they believed would protect their crops from worms and disease. Harvesting began in late August with squash and ended in October with corn. After harvest, women would dry the corn in scaffolds that were built above the ground. After the corn was dry, women picked the seeds that they would use for the next years garden and the rest was buried with other dried garden items in caches (underground storage pits) to preserve them through the winter. These caches were deep enough to require a ladder and often took several days to build. Once they were built they were lined with grass and buffalo hide. The dried corn, squash, and sunflowers were placed insi de. The caches were then covered with a layer of buffalo hide, then a layer of dirt, and grass on top. Besides vegetables, women supplemented the diets of their families by digging roots, picking berries, and catching fish. The men of the Mandan villages were warriors whose main pursuit was buffalo, but they also hunted deer, elk, antelope, bear, and waterfowl. Boys started training for hunting soon after they were able to walk. Grandfathers would give young boys bows and blunt arrows to play with and often initiated simulated battles between two groups of boys to teach them how to fight properly. At the age seven, boys were allowed to shoot and kill rabbits, which they were allowed to keep and most times gave to their grandfathers as repayment for giving them their first bow and arrow. As men grew older they were allowed to join hunting parties as a scout where they would cook, keep fires, and tend camp for the older men. As they grew older and wiser they would join in the actual h unting party. When men became confident in their hunting skills they would initiate a hunting party of their own. This was risky because if they did not accomplish a successful hunt they lost social status within the village. Before leaving on a buffalo hunt men took sweat baths to rid them of their human smell and would disguise themselves in wolf skin. The main weapons used for hunting were a bow and arrow, knives and clubs. Mandan warriors tracked buffalo for many miles. If they could not kill them with their bows and arrows they would stampede the herd while trying to separate one from the group, which they would eventually drive off of a cliff. Mandan Indians only killed as much meat as they could carry back to the village on their backs or in a contraption known as a travois. As soon as the buffalo were killed, what could not be eaten right away was cut into thin strips for drying to be taken back to the village. Buffalo provided meat, hides, bones, and sinew to the Mandan vil lages, which were used in everyday articles such as weapons, clothing, and tools. People within a village could tell what a warrior had accomplished by the way he dressed or by the markings he had. Certain stripes of paint, feathers, and clothing told fellow villagers what or how many buffalo or other type of game a man had killed. Greatness in battle led to a higher status within the village, and women celebrated successful hunts with song, dance, and food. The Mandan Indians performed several rituals for certain seasons or initiations. The two most studied rituals were the Buffalo Dance and the Okipa Ceremony. The Buffalo Dance was performed to bring the buffalo near enough to the village so they could be killed. Over a course of three nights the elder men of the tribe sat in a circle and smoked a pipe while the younger men of the tribe presented their wives, naked except for a buffalo robe, to the elders and asked them to sleep with them. The young man kept offering his wife unti l the elder accepted. After the women were accepted, eight men participated in the actual dance and painted themselves black, red, and white with green willow boughs on their heads and buffalo skins on their backs. The dancers portrayed both hunters and buffalo and danced around the lodge and imitated an actual hunt. On the last day of the dance a man disguised as the spirit of famine entered the village. Young villagers shouted and threw stones until the spirit was driven away and then the entire tribe participated in a feast. The Okipa Ceremony was a four-day event where young men were initiated into the Mandan society, and involved a self-torture feature. This ceremony happened once or twice a year after a buffalo hunt when a man, wishing to fill an obligation to the village, would sponsor the ceremony. This man was called the Okipa Maker and in order to sponsor such a ceremony he must accumulate a vast amount of goods, which would in turn be given away during the ceremony. The O kipa Maker depended on his family and clan to help provide the goods needed for this event. Before and during the ceremony young boys who wished to become men within the village endured long periods of fasting during which a young boy hoped to be visited by a spirit, in animal form, who would give him power and guide him through life. The nature of their vision was reported to elders to determine their role within the village. After the vision, the young men chose a family member to cut holes through the skin on their chest and inserted two skewers, attached to a long piece of hide, that would suspend him in the air from the central beams of the medicine lodge. Once the boy was rendered unconscious, he was lowered to the ground to regain consciousness without harassment from others. The objective of the ceremony was to test a mans endurance and strength to insure he was indeed worthy of becoming a warrior. The Mandan Indians are also known for the fact that Lewis and Clark spent the ir first winter among these people. Lewis and Clark arrived in the Mandan village in November of 1804 after 1,600 miles and 164 days of traveling and within four weeks constructed Fort Mandan, which they named after their Indian friends. Lewis and Clark stayed with the Mandans for five months during which time they met a fur trader named Toussaint Charbonneau, his Shoshoni wife Sacagawea, and their infant son Jean Baptiste. Sacagaweas homeland was in the Rocky Mountains, most likely near present day Lehmi, Idaho, but she had been kidnapped when she was twelve years old and five years later was sold to Charbonneau. Lewis and Clark hired Charbonneau and his wife as interpreters and guides to help them cross the western mountains. Sacagawea turned out to be very useful to Lewis and Clarks expedition with her incredible sense of direction and by teaching the 33-member group how to find wild food such as artichokes, carrots and potatoes. She also mended their clothing with thread and a n eedle made out of bird bone. By the time the trip was completed she had made 338 moccasins for the men of the expedition. Contact with Europeans in the late 1700s put the Mandan up against disease, an enemy they could not fight. Small pox forced the Mandan to move to Fort Berthhold Indian Reservation, along with their neighbors the Arikaras and the Hidatsas, who were also plagued with disease. To this day many Mandan Indians live near Mandan, North Dakota right across the Missouri River from Bismarck, North Dakota. Every year the Mandan Indians and several other area tribes have a pow wow where they perform dances and sell jewelry and food for audiences from all around the world. Fort Lincoln State Park Mandan Village is a park located just outside Mandan that has a small village of actual earth lodges that visitors can walk into and see. Visitors feel like they have been taken back into a part of history because all the items one would have found during that time are in the lodges. One lodge even has a man (not real) hanging from the rafters representing the Okipa Ceremony. The park is a truly amazing sight to see and keeps the memory alive and well about the Mandan Indians heritage and way of life. .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e , .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e .postImageUrl , .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e , .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e:hover , .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e:visited , .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e:active { border:0!important; } .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e:active , .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc2ef6a88796426dd028a8c4f71c2022e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Proyecto de aula ica.docx Essay We will write a custom essay on The Mandan Indians were a small, peaceful tribe lo specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

Lauriers greatest gift to Canada essays

Lauriers greatest gift to Canada essays The Manitoba schools issue, the Boer War, the construction of a Canadian navy and the proposed reciprocity treaty with the United States were all issues that provoked emotional debates between French Canadians and English Canadians. French Canadians were fighting to preserve their culture outside Quebec and opposed any rapprochement with England; English Canadians were fighting to confine francophones to Quebec and supported any move toward closer ties with England. For more than 15 years, Laurier's policy of compromise earned him the nickname of the "Great Conciliator", and kept him at the head of the country. One of Laurier's first acts as Prime Minister was to implement a solution to the Manitoba Schools Issue. Laurier developed a compromise with Thomas Greenway, Premier of Manitoba. They agreed that Catholic education would be permitted in public schools, and French would be used in teaching, but only on a school-by-school basis depending on the numbers of French-speaking students. In 1899 Britain expected military support from Canada, as part of the British Empire, in the Boer War. Laurier was caught between demands for support for military action from English Canada, and a strong opposition from French Canada, which saw the Boer War as a reminder of its own defeat in the Seven Years' War. Henri Bourassa was an especially vocal opponent. Laurier eventually decided to send a volunteer force, rather than the militia expected by Britain, but Bourassa criticized him anyway. The British were alarmed by the German arms build-up, and Canada was forced to define its naval policy. Ontario wanted Canada to contribute to the British navy, but Quebec wanted no part of it. As so often before, Laurier sought a compromise, proposing the creation of a Canadian navy to be built and trained in accordance with British naval requirements and placed under British command if Canada chose to enter a war as an ally of Britain. This proposal sat...

Try to vs. Try and

Try to vs. Try and Try to vs. Try and Try to vs. Try and By Maeve Maddox A reader asks, Would you consider a post on the difference between try and [do something] and try to [do something]? [] I hear and read more people using try and [do something] but that doesnt seem as logical as try to [do something].   Is there a difference between the two terms?   If not, is one to be preferred?   I’m always amused when objections to idioms are raised on grounds of logic. â€Å"Try and† followed by a coordinate verb is an idiom; idioms don’t have to be logical. Nevertheless, a lot of speakers object to the use of â€Å"try and do† instead of â€Å"try to do.† What do the authorities think? Merriam-Webster is unambiguously supportive: Almost all disparaging criticism of â€Å"try and† comes from American critics; British commentators have generally been tolerant. There appears to be no rational basis for hostility to the expression and no need to avoid it in appropriate surroundings. The OED includes an entry for â€Å"try and,† but still labels it as a colloquialism. OxfordDictionaries observes that â€Å"In practice there is little discernible difference in meaning, although there is a difference in formality, with try to being regarded as more formal than try and.† Even M-W, with the reference to â€Å"appropriate surroundings† implies that â€Å"try to† is preferable for formal use. But is there, as our reader asks, a difference between such wordings as, â€Å"Try and stop complaining† and â€Å"Try to stop complaining†? Fowler discerned a difference: Though â€Å"try to do† can always be substituted for â€Å"try and do,† the latter has a shade of meaning that justifies its existence; in exhortations it implies encouragementthe effort will succeed; in promises it implies assurancethe effort shall succeed. It is an idiom that should be not discountenanced, but used when it comes natural. A Columbo episode has the title â€Å"Try and Catch Me.† A rebellious teenager might respond to a request by saying, â€Å"Try and make me.† In discussing a modern painting, art critic Sister Wendy says, â€Å"I’ll try and make sense of it.† In each of these examples, the and conveys something to would not. Perhaps we can add â€Å"effort† to Fowler’s â€Å"exhortation and promises.† How correct is Fowler’s statement that â€Å"try to do can always be substituted for try and do†? As a rule, it has its pitfalls. For example, consider the following headline and sentence: Two Judges Try and Fail to Shut Down Union Rights It’s better to try and regret, than not to try and regret. In the first example, changing the â€Å"try and† to â€Å"try to† would leave the reader wondering why the judges tried to fail in their purpose: â€Å"Two judges try to fail to shut down union rights.† Changing â€Å"try and† to â€Å"try to† in the second example would result in the sentence, â€Å"It’s better to try to regret, than not to try to regret.† The original sentence, however, means something very different: â€Å"It’s better to try [to do something] and regret [having tried], than not to try [doing something] and [then] regret [not having tried].† The note at OxfordDictionaries includes an explanation as to why â€Å"try and† remains questionable in formal usage despite its ubiquity in conversation: The construction try and is grammatically oddin that it cannot be inflected for tense (e.g. sentences like she tried and fix it or they are trying and renew their visa are not acceptable, while their equivalents she tried to fix it or they are trying to renew their visa undoubtedly are). For this reason try and is best regarded as a fixed idiom used only in its infinitive and imperative form. Careful writers will continue to scrutinize their use of â€Å"try and† in formal contexts, but they can still feel free in conversation and dialogue to follow Fowler’s advice about using it â€Å"when it comes natural.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Avoid Beginning a Sentence with â€Å"With†For Sale vs. On SalePractice or Practise?

Research methods Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words - 1

Research methods - Assignment Example In addition, this project will generate both employment and wealth. On behalf of the Ministry of transport and the sponsor Ministry of finance, the project will be implemented in two phases with various contracts, under the supervision of the Saudi railways organisation. The civil works in charge of the construction of civil works for the route such as earth work and bridges has been awarded to one Consortium of four contractors, three Saudi companies and one Chinese company. The work started in April 2009 for a total period of three years and total value of 6.5 billion Saudi Riyal. The construction of four passenger stations was awarded to one Saudi-Turkish Consortium of two companies, Jeddah central and King Abdullah Economic City awarded to Saudi consortium of two companies. The trains and railway infrastructure and systems that encompasses all civil and infrastructure work that was not included in phase one, procurement of rolling stock, tracks and systems, in addition to operation and maintenance of the transportation system for a period of 12 years after commissioning. This contract was awarded to Saudi-Spanish Consortium in January 2012 for a total of 34 months. The Operation Control Centre (OCC) located in the area of the Jeddah Station will ensure and control a high level of safety and security through monitoring by several integrated systems, the automatic train traffic control and security functions, telecommunications network in order to provide radio contact between train and ground, providing on board and on ground security systems with many functions and services. The Supervisory Control and Data Control that will monitor the power supply systems , a Closed Circuit Television system that will be used to monitor the whole railway line and building security systems. The minimum spacing between the trains is set at four minutes and according to

Leadership theories, leadership style and skills Essay

Leadership theories, leadership style and skills - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that leadership is a sequence, a process which has different elements intact to it, prevailing towards the successful attributes of a true leadership quality. These elements of leadership are of three types- the leader, the following group or the followers and finally the substance. Leadership qualities are measured on the basis of employees’ performance and their job satisfaction. A leader can be called a successful torch bearer only if his/her followers equally contribute towards the growth of an organization. Leadership in itself is an important quality but there are certain factors which define the true leadership qualities a leader should possess. These essential components to developing leadership qualities at par are: a) Setting an example and motivating others, b) Finding a solution to doubts and ambiguities, c) Being ethical, d) Bringing in the desired change, and e) Managing cultural assortment. Teams and groups have become an important part of an organization and different leadership theories have greatly influenced such practice. Leadership and its role within a team greatly inspire the organizational culture and also ensure that the team attains success and the overall output is effective. A leader has certain important leadership traits such integrity, self-confidence, intelligence, and determination. Steve Jobs and Jeff Bezos can be said to be the pioneers of innovation, visionary and determined personalities to bring about a change in the way business functions.... It, somehow fails to explain the same in case of people who possess the traits of leadership but are not the leaders (Leader today, 2012). Contingency Theory: This theory believes that there is no single solution to leadership attributes as it may vary from time to time. The style of leadership may change from one form to another depending on the situation. This theory emphasises on the two leadership styles, the task-oriented and people-oriented (McShane, Glinow, & Sharma, p. 465). Further, leadership approach is said to be affected by various internal & external factors. Situational Theory: Situational theory of leadership exhorts that for an emphatic leadership the two valuable aspects to be considered at the time of decision making are management and leadership deed. This theory comprises four styles of leadership which are namely: Delegating, Telling, Participating and Coaching (Betathetapi, n.d). Behavioural Theory: This theory puts forth the idea of leadership on the basis of behavioural pattern depicted by the leaders in various situations. This theory also consist four contrasting leadership styles and these are: Responsibility of task, Responsibility of people, Directive Leadership, and Participative Leadership (Infed, 2011). Transformational Theory Transformational leaders not only contribute towards the growth prosperity of the organisation but also inculcate the organisation’s cultural and other values in their followers (Marquis, Huston, 2009, p. 43). Democratic Leadership Theory Democratic leadership style encourages and supports the people. It believes in creating an environment in the organisation where the employees are motivated to indulge themselves in building

Oral history archive department in modern libraries, Essay Example for Free

Oral history archive department in modern libraries, Essay The main aim of the research is to discuss the uses and the value of an oral history archive department in modern libraries, especially British libraries and American ones which are pioneers in this domain. It has been realized or discovered that the oral history archive can be used to explain the concept or idea of windowing time in physical and digital libraries. Of late digital and oral history archive libraries carry a variety of useful information and documents that include the past and present ones. This paper therefore tries to view the use and the value of this kind of sound archive in which it is divided into main categories and subsections. The first section is the introductory part that tries to give a brief explanation about the oral history archive. There is a problem in question or objective, which touches on what is to be investigated that is the use of this archive. The hypotheses are also constructed to provide answers to the objectives of the research. The other areas include research context/literature review; methodology; work plan; recourses; ethics and conclusion. 1. Working Title The use and the value of an oral history archive department in Modern Libraries and Information Centres. 2. Introduction. Many scholars realized that Oral history archive libraries can be used to obtain information as fast as possible. According to Portelli (1998), the archive holds several hours of gramophone, films, audio, video and Compact Disks. The oral history archive has been of great help in various departments because instant information has been obtained through what is called oral debriefing. This is a situation whereby a comprehensive and condensed verbal testimony is obtained from individuals (Medical Tribune 2007). Other areas where the oral history archive has been applied include areas such as psychology, witness interrogation in criminal investigations, which occur in both oral and visual formats (Sangster 1998).The archive tentatively is currently being used to help in knowledge management especially when it comes to labor market. This is an area in commerce and industry where the changing labor market requires employees to shift from one position to another or from one job to another. As this happens there is loss of organizational memory, the so called the body of data and knowledge which is relevant to an individual organization’s existence (Perk and Thomson 1998 and Gregory 1991). These therefore are of the uses of oral history archive that make it become recognized as a powerful device or tool especially in Britain to capture the already existing institutional knowledge and information. Learning has been enhanced by the use of Oral history archive. The new curriculum requires students to have sound and good communication skills that prepare them to answers questions either during interviews as they look for jobs after schooling or in classroom (Rolph 1998). Criminal investigation department also employ the use of an Oral history archive when they are interrogating criminals. 3. Aims and objectives In this section, the paper discusses the problem in question or the objectives of carrying out the research. Oral history archive has been viewed as a unique and powerful tool by people. In order to clear this perception and make things more clear, this research paper tries to answer the question. The problem to be researched on is therefore the value and the use of an oral history archive in modern libraries and information centres and why people view it as a useful tool in modern libraries. The paper shall also look at the role, if any, of the information specialist of the future in an oral history department and the skills the information specialist must have to operate in such a department. Besides, the paper shall also look at and address the question of how interviewing targets are chosen by the oral history department, how expensive it is to put up an oral history department from scratch at the various libraries, why people view it as a useful tool in the modern libraries and the skills that are required by an information specialist in order for him/her to be able to operate in the department. Today, many educationists are being encouraged to introduce oral history as a powerful tool for serious scholarships in all universities in order to encourage learning. However, there are a number of universities that have introduced and developed extensive collections of oral history while others have not realized the usefulness of the library. For example; Harvard, Princeton and University of California have taken the lead in the development and introduction of oral history archive (Gowers 2006). In addition, the university libraries mentioned above in this domain have operated smoothly from 1955, the British Library has been the pioneer for a lot of researchers of this topic. The reason is simple. The Sound Archive Department of British Library at the present time holds over a million discs, One hundred and eighty five thousand audio tapes, and a lot of video and sound records. These collections which include written literature, dramatized stuff, and music recordings plus sounds of wildlife are collected from across the world. They entail cylindrical equipment created in the nineteenth century to the most recent Compact Disks, Digital Versatile Disk and mini discs. 4. Scope and Definition In order to discover the use and the value of an oral history archive department and to create a sensible project in range and time, the scope of the project will focus mainly on the opinions of curators, librarians and others who are working in this sector. It is important though to be aware that this will emphasize basically on personal viewpoints and changing theories and therefore might not provide a perfect answer. It will also be necessary for the research to stay neutral and determined on the questioners and not go beyond the objectives set as those working in these departments will be more involved with the issues concerning their departments than be drawn to the personal issues. 5. Literature Review The literature review section tries to look at what other scholars have discussed about the same topic to be researched on. This is very important since it avoids or solves cases of duplication of other people’s work. Since other people or scholars at one time had realized the importance of Oral history archive in the modern libraries, it is therefore in order to access their ideas on the topic. The oral history archive has been viewed as a useful tool in a number of areas such as psychotherapy, witness interrogation in crime investigation and learning institutions that are provided in both oral and visual formats (Rolph 1998, Gregory 1991, Parker 1999 and Sarah 2004). According to Ritchie (2003), oral history has useful information or materials that are often ignored by librarians. This is also sometimes overlooked in relation to cost value calculation (Swain 2003). The archive has played a key role in helping in audio collection, attitude and value clarification as well as necessitating multi-media approach to learning (Christel 2006 and Thomson 2000). The most obvious area where oral history archive has been used according to Perks and Thompson (1998) is in learning institutions. This is a case where a tape recorder is used in classrooms to help students understand the concept being taught in class room. However, it has been noticed that a tape recorder has not been effectively and efficiently used as compared to the use of movie, slide or overhead projectors (Lukenbill 2002). One advantage when one uses a tape recorder is that it can be stopped anytime especially when the instructor wants to emphasize important points or to allow urgent questions arising (Thompson 2000). Tapes can also be replayed to enhance re-examining or revisiting and requesting of any order that is desirable. Proper understanding of the lesson is therefore emphasized. Since the new curriculum requires students to have skills in understanding comprehension, analysis and evaluation. Oral history has been of great use to check and examine all these concepts. It is also noted that oral communication skills are very important when it comes to times of interviews where questions are phrased (Swain 2003). The interviewer and the interviewee have to be clear and precise especially in calling for specific information. The questions asked especially during the interviews need also to be answered in the most accurate manner as possible (Ritchie 2003). According to Perks and Thompson (1998), accuracy actually plays a major role in interviews and this can be facilitated by the use of oral history archive. The concept is also emphasized by Seale (2004). As a way of facilitating learning, oral history archive through the use of tapes has facilitated immediate feedback during teaching in schools. This has been done in connection with other secondary sources like books more so in secondary schools. Students’ needs are addressed as soon as possible. This rules out cases of negative delays which is commonly experienced in the traditional scholarly research where numerous collections are required (Thompson 2000). A good teacher who knows how to use tapes only needs to locate appropriate tapes in which he is expected to prepare summarized notes according to students’ understanding. This should be done after testing the entry behavior of the students before opting to use the tapes for instruction (Parker 1999). Oral history archive has also been helpful in clinical libraries (Schacher 2001). Clinicians when giving psychotherapy to patients who are mentally disturbed have used the information contained in the Oral history archive. Such patients may be suffering from Schizophrenia or psychosis (Schacher 2001 and Thompson 2000). As patients talk about their illness the clinician is able to come up with appropriate measures to provide assistance.

Independent Discovery :: Personal Narratives Australia Essays

Independent Discovery I stared out the plane window and saw an endless sea reaching a mottled sky. The airplane whisked away into the night as another tear rolled down my cheek. Only moments ago, I had waved a final farewell to my family out of the double paned window. Now I was alone and on my own. It was the first time I had ever been truly alone: no friends or family to fall back on if trouble arose, and no authority to follow or make decisions for me. I was on my way to Australia for a six week student exchange program where I would turn my feelings of dependence into a newfound independence. This was my chance to show the world and myself that I could behave self sufficiently. I arrived at the Sidney international airport after a sixteen hour flight across the Pacific Ocean. As the plane pulled into the loading area, I felt an overwhelming sensation of lonely isolation intensified by lack of sleep and jet lag. I found my way to the baggage claim and made it through customs. I had ninety minutes to spare until my next plane left for Brisbane, Queensland. No sweat! That was ample amount of time to find my next terminal and check in my luggage. I bought myself a â€Å"soft drink†, visited the â€Å"toilets† (I just had to witness this reverse swirl phenomenon) and made my way down to the terminal transfer bus depot. A few minutes later, my specified bus arrived and picked me up. After about forty-five minutes of watching signs and different people, I started to get worried. Had I missed my stop? Was I on the right bus? I only had fifteen minutes until my flight left! What if I got lost in a strange city half way around the world! ?! Here was my first test of autonomy. I took a cooling breath and calmly asked the bus driver where my terminal was. Luckily, it was the next stop after passing it twice. I checked in at the gate and boarded the airplane. Brisbane was a beautiful city with a clock tower in Central Square.

Emerging Issues Essay

Emerging Issues Paper In today’s society emerging issues in multiculturalism are affecting people in new ways. Professionals in the health care industry are facing new challenges and are realizing the changes they need to make to continue to help those in need. Individuals are changing as well and becoming uniquely multicultural themselves. These issues affect society and how culturally diverse groups interact but still allow them to live together and share each others experiences. Counseling Professionals face the issue of how to have successful practices when they are working with clients from so many different backgrounds. Psychologist, counselors, and mental health care professionals are in an ever-changing and demanding position dealing with such a multicultural society and the issues each culture faces. Counseling and therapy for individuals from different cultures can be challenging for today’s professionals because not only are today’s issues ever-changing but so are the cultural views and backgrounds. Cultures are becoming intertwined especially here in the United States and professionals are facing new issues helping individuals deal with problems related to possessing several cultures and backgrounds. Professionals should have a comfortable understanding of their own cultural beliefs and backgrounds before trying to understand the beliefs and issues of others. Once a Professional is comfortable and understands his own beliefs, he can then learn about the beliefs and values of other cultures without casting judgment or having a close mind with his clients. If counselors lack sufficient training in multicultural counseling it is likely that they also lack the skills to deal with ethical issues presented by clients with multicultural backgrounds† (Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 2003, p. 1). Professionals today face the issue of differences in culture and race. Members of the same race have different cultural beliefs and practices so it may be easy for a professional to become confused about a person and his culture if they are viewing the person by their race. For example, the Hispanic race has different cultures including Mexican, Cuban, and Puerto Rican. The professional needs to gather detailed information to understand each client and his individual needs. Professionals with a lack of knowledge on multicultural issues can lead to negative outcomes such as a misdiagnosis or a client feeling misunderstood. This issue can have an impact on our entire society if professionals are not fully trained and capable of dealing with today’s multicultural issues. If clients are not being properly treated their entire lives can be affected, which can affect the lives of their families and their communities. Professionals should also understand counseling practices throughout the world to better help clients with treatment. Understanding these practices can help clients to interact with diverse groups by allowing them to understand other cultures as well. Multicultural Identity Multiculturalism is very apparent in the United States today; most people enjoy and accept the fact that they have several cultures within their own family. Today multicultural families not only have issues with their own identities but also they must raise strong, secure, and multicultural children. The amazing thing about the United States is that people are free to express themselves and become independent. This freedom allows cultures to explore and express their traditions and practices without others looking down on them. Not to say that racism and discrimination is not apparent in the United States because it is, but most people living here have an understanding that we are in a multicultural society. Technology has had a large affect on multiculturalism and allows people to better understand themselves and others as well. â€Å"Accompanying the growth of human communication has been the erosion of barriers that have, throughout history, geographically, linguistically, and culturally separated people† (Adler, 2002, p. 1). Some individuals may find growing up with a multicultural family can be confusing, whereas others may see this diversity as a blessing and exciting. The multicultural person may sometimes feel as though he cannot specifically identify himself with one race or culture but with the right sources he can receive help on his unique needs. The multicultural person will have an easier time interacting with other culturally diverse groups because he already has an understanding of his unique needs. Conclusion Counseling and multicultural identity are both emerging issues in multicultural psychology. These issues will continuously change as our society changes and incorporates new ideas and beliefs and although these issues can be challenging, they can be rewarding as well.

The One Man Industry

If success is all there is in life, there would be no room for learning. Failure is an important aspect of one’s life for more often than not, it is through these debacles that one learns the real value of living and the essence of what he has. Amitabh Bachchan, the most popular and highest paid Bollywood actor is the epitome of a wheel. His life has gone through several failings, others serious enough to ruin his name in the Indian society, however, in the face of all the controversies he went through, he still managed to resurface and continue his life.Bachchan is the son of the well-known poet, Harivansh Rai Bachchan and socialite Teji Bachchan. He received his early education from Allahabad’s High School and finished his college art degree in Sherwood College and his science degree from the University of Delhi (bollywoodblog. com n. pag. ). Growing up, he already had his visions of becoming and actor so when he finally graduated, he worked his way to Bollywood. Howe ver, his Bollywood dream was not an easy aspiration to realize.He had to go through several trials before finally contributing his talent to the acting scene. Bachchan first worked as a freight broker in a shipping company in Calcutta (Noronha n. pag. ) then moved to Bombay to pursue an acting career. When he applied for an acting stint, he was refused because his stature was not of a Bollywood actor material. He is 6’3†, too tall for the Bollywood scene and he also had a fair complexion which was not too ideal for an actor (apunkachoice. com n. pag. ).He was given a break though as a narrator after Indira Gandhi, the mother of his friend, Rajiv Gandhi and the Prime Minister then, made a recommendation letter (indiazen n,pag. ). His baritone voice earned him several projects, not as an actor but merely as background voice. It was only after a few years that he was able to infuse the acting scene with his dramatic prowess. His first movie, Saat Hindustani in 1969 was not very successful and did not even earn him an award, nevertheless, it served as his passport to the acting industry.The movie which really gave him his first break was Abhimaan in 1973. This movie gave him the attention he needed to remain in the entertainment world. He starred in this movie with the famous actress Jaya Bahduri, who later on became his wife. They have two children, the other one is also engaged in the film industry (Noronha n. pag. ). After his first successful movie, Bachchan also starred in several others. Among these movies was Zanjeer which placed him on equal footing with famous Bollywood actors.The movie showcases a quasi-revolutionary fervor that is also linked to a private trauma (Mishra 134). Through the movie, Bachchan came to be classified as â€Å"the Angry Man† because of his role as a strict police officer. His portrayal showed rebelliousness, a feeling which was not normally featured in Indian films at that time. The rebellious attitude which h e established in the film did not only give a new taste in the film industry but it also showcased the emotion that was then reigning in the hearts of the Indian lower-middle and slum-dwelling classes (Mishra 134).Bachchan portrayed other roles depicting rebelliousness after the Zanjeer movie. Among the movies that he starred on were Deewar (Wall) in 1975, Sholay (Embers) also in 1975, Amar Akbar Anthony in 1977, Don in 1978, Muqaddar Ka Sikandar also in 1978, Laawaris in 1981, Silisila (The Affair) also in 1981, Namak Halaal in 1982 and Black in 2005. He did many others but these are the top ten movies that he starred on as classified by BBC news (n. pag). All of these films became spectacular and box office hits in the Indian community (entertainmentoneindia n.pag). Bachchan’s flare in the entertainment world cannot solely be attributed to his skills in acting but more on the attitude that he exude in the roles that he played. Unlike the famous actors before his time, he in troduced a new blend in the Indian movies—rebelliousness. He did not fall for the stereotype characters and plots that were reigning then, instead he depicted antagonism and rage. This new blend in the movies was well accepted by the Indians, not only because it was a new approach but also because this was a part of what they were then feeling.The movies which the actor made were more realistic, making the audience relate with what is being shown. Life to Bachchan is not all about romance and happy ending, life is more than that. It includes trials, conflicts and resentment. The approach that Bachchan infused into his films also destroyed the prevalent plot in Indian movies. Films that were prevailing before Bachchan’s time mostly revolved on the character rather than on the story but with his depiction of revenge and anger, the idea of a character was destroyed and the focus was placed more on the story.Mishra (128) enumerates some of the reasons behind the success of Bachchan’s carreer. The first according to the author, is the fact that he was conversant both with the Hindi language and the other dialects. He is the first partition major star who came from the Hindi-speaking heartland of Uttar and Pradesh and who was thoroughly conversant with standard Hindi as well as the other dialects, notably Avadhi (Mishra 128). Knowledge of the language and the dialects was necessary for an actor as this enhances his capacity to better communicate with his audience and beautifully portray the character that he wants to depict in the movie.This also gives him vantage point as compared to other actors who are not conversant with the dialects that he knows because it establishes a closer connection with the viewers. The closer the connection that the actor establishes, the better is the appreciation that the spectators will give to the performance. It must be understood that movies are not just about acting, it is also about communicating with the pe ople and trying to convey a message across. (The second reason for Bachchan’s success is the challenge that he posed) on the figure of the noble, transcendent Rama as the dharmik model of the hero.His roles deployed features that belonged to the antihero Karna in the (Indian epic) Mahabharata while the generic frames of his films destabilized the dominant cinematic form much as the baroque Traverspiel destabilized German tragedy. Finally, he projected this antiheroism into the very modern notion of the angry young man in rebellion and grafted this into the figure of a subaltern hero as an agent of national reconciliation. The rebelliousness thus synthesized reflected the disenchantment, the oppression, the hopelessness of the slum dweller who saw in Bachchan’s acts of antiheroism a symbol of his or her own aspirations.The rags to riches theme that always paralleled the narrative or personal revenge in Bachchan’s films was the imaginary fulfillment if the slum dw eller’s own fantasies (Mishra 128). All of these were not evident in the films that were crafted before Bachchan entered the cinema scene or if they were, it was not as emphatically portrayed as Bachchan did. He said that his commendable performance can be attributed to his genes and the influences of his father’s writings. As a child, he was exposed to the liberal and rebellious writings of his father and this somehow built in his system the same principles that his father advocated (Mishra 128).Many found it ironic that the son of a socialite is espousing the cause of the poor people in India. Nevertheless, his background was not a hindrance to his realistic performance of the lower class Indians. This might have been because of his early exposure to the problems that face the lower class Indian nationals. The source of his acting was not merely dependent on the script—it was beyond it. He was driving source for his acting from his own ideologies which were sh aped by his father’s principles. He had a deeper cause for his performance and exude greater realism.As a result of this, he dominated the Indian movies for quite sometime, leaving no room for the other actors. His influence to the Indian populace was so great that when he met an accident while filming the movie, Coolie, the whole nation prayed for his recovery. There was also a great number of Indians who donated blood for the actor. During the taping for the movie, Bachchan wanted a scene to be realistic so he suggested how the punch should be undertaken unfortunately, the acting got so intense that he ended up in pain.For several days, the doctors cannot find the source of Bachchan’s hurt, until one day, a doctor was able to detect a dark spot on his intestine. The dark spot was his undigested when the punch in his abdomen was made. After seventy-two hours of pain, the undigested food could have turned into poison (Mishra 142-143). His intestine was also ruptured as a result of his fall on the steel table after the punch administered by the stuntman (Chopra n. pag. ) The doctors opted for an immediate operation, however, while he was in the operating table, he lost signs of life.He was declared clinically dead until his wife, Jaya shouted that he saw him move his toe. After this remarkable statement of his wife, the doctors were able to revive him (Mishra 142-143). Throughout the period that he was in the hospital, his supporters speculated that the punch that he received was real and intentional—that it was meant to hurt him. However, no proof was established to back up the claim. After the recovery, Bachchan continued filming the movie to where he left off.He also thanked those who offered prayers for his recovery and the support that the entire nation devoted to him. To date, he is the only movie actor who received such sympathy. People from all walks of life showed all the support they can give and it was as if life in India stopped for Bachchan. Life only returned to its normal shape when it was declared that he is already safe (Mishra 142-143) Aside from acting, Bachchan also tried his luck in politics after he was swayed by his friend Rajiv Gandhi, whose mother was assassinated and won by sympathy vote.Bachchan was elected to a Parliamentary seat, however, this prestigious position did not prove beneficial to him as his name was included to a political controversy. Bachchan, his brother and Rajiv were accused with bribery. It was rumored that the Boffors company bribed Indian politicians to ensure that the government will buy tanks and other military equipment from them (Mishra 144). This hullabaloo seriously injured the name that Bachchan was able to established through time so he decided to quit politics two years after he first explored it.After his flop in the field of politics, Bachchan returned to his first love—film making. Bachchan is well loved by the Indians and his acting widely accepted, however, these love and acceptance were not enough to keep his star shining after the political controversy he faced. Mishra, however, points out that his breakdown in politics is not the direct cause of his collapse as a star. Just like the period when he started his sensational career as an actor, the people then were looking for variety, for something new to watch, the Indians also felt this way at some point when Bachchan was the king of the charts.The people were worn-out with the constant revenge and anger theme in his movies and were looking for something new—for a new approach in movies. This was the time when the need to revive Romanticism was felt. The revival of romance in the films brought back the idea of a character and once again motivation replaced generic predictability, something which Bachchan turned his back on (Mishra 138). For Bombay cinema to survive, the romantic twist had to return. And so, as Bachchan’s star waned, romance returned (Mishra 138 ). After his political stint and cinema flops, Bachchan shifted his attention to a new venture.He created a multi-faceted commercial enterprise known as the Amitabh Bachchan Corporation Limited or ABCL. The company delved in production and distribution of films and other ventures that involved the movie industry. For sometime, the company enjoyed success in producing movies and even catered the Miss World pageant in India in 1996. However, in its latter years, it faced so many debts that it reached bankruptcy (Indiaoye). His failure both in the political and business worlds, prompted him to go back to where he established his name—the entertainment industry. At 55, he filmed his comeback movie, Mrityutada.It was not as successful as his previous movies but it was enough to sustain him in the entertainment field. Two years after his comeback film, he was named in a BBC poll as the Superstar of the Millennium. This title placed him in equal footing with Sir Lawrence Olivier, Ch arlie Chaplin and Marlon Brando. Aside from this, he is also the first Asian actor to be included in Madame Tassaud’s wax museum (hindi lyrix n. pag. ). According to Mishra, Bachchan’s success in his career is not only because of his talent in acting but also because of his skill in building his image outside the theater houses.The author suggests three stages in the life of Bachchan that moulded his image as an actor. First is his relationship with his leading ladies, particularly Rekha. Rekha, the daughter of the Hindi actor Ganeshan, is a tall and good looking woman who exhibited real acting talent. She was one of the few actors then who brought â€Å"real sense of character to the films†. She was suspected by journalists to have established a romantic relation with Bachchan and this suspected relationship was â€Å"extensively documented in the fanzines†. Mishra suggests that this added to the growth of the â€Å"quietly sanctioned counternarrativeâ €  by the actor himself.However, Bachchan imposed censorship when journalists began to pester him (Mishra 140). The affair of Rekha and Bachchan was better revealed in the movie Silsila (Continuity, 1981). In this movie the actors showed what they could not reveal in real life—depicting the love triangle that exists between Jaya, the wife; Bachchan, the husband; and Rekha, the mistress (Mishra 141). In real life, Bachchan denied all allegations of an affair that exists between him and Rekha but the latter had less disavowal in her system. She was more open although not explicitly with the relationship that he has with the Indian icon.Jaya also admitted that girls were a problem with Bachchan but she did not elaborate on his affairs. Bachchan reiterated in an interview that Rekha was just his leading lady and nothing else (cited in Mishra 140). The other two the Mishra talked about were his near death experience while filming the movie Coolie and the Bofors controversy. Dur ing the period that he was in the hospital fighting death and trying to survive, life in India seem to have been brought to halt. Temple houses and mosques were filled with people trying to offer prayers for the fast recovery of their beloved star.The Prime Minister then, his friend Rajiv Gandhi, cut his international trips to see him. The kind of emotion Amitabh has evoked among Indians across the globe is absolutely phenomenal, said film director Ramesh Sippy (Chopra n. pag). To reiterate, Mishra (146) said that no correlation should be made between Bachchan’s failure as a politician and the flop of his comeback movie. According to the author, Bachchan’s return in the film industry and the people’s cold reaction to the movies that he made is not the direct effect of the Bofors deal.Bachchan’s waning as a star can only be attributed to the return of romance in Indian films, something which the actor did not patronize. After his comeback movie, Bachchan b ecame the host of â€Å"Who wants to be a millionare? †. This undertaking proved successful for him as he was able to woo many Indians to watch his show. Movie theaters have adjusted the screening of their movies in order to accommodate the program time of Bachchan’s game show. Moreover, he has also tried acting in other genres like comedy and drama and he also proved triumphant in these fields. It only goes on to say that the king of Indian films has regained his thrown.Aside from going back to the film industry, he has also invaded the advertising industry. He is the most sought after promoter of products such as clothing among others. The Indian icon, now in his 60’s, remain to be active and show no signs of slowing down. Many Indians still look up to him despite his age not only because of his legendary achievements but also because of the way he plays his age. In a BBC new report (n. pag. ), it was stated that Bachchan has made aging cool. He acts his age a nd yet he still manages to go with the flow of modern times, something which only a few could do.More than his acting career, Bachchan is extraordinary for his attitude towards life. Despite the failures he faced and the narrow roads he walked through, he still manages to get up everytime and continue where he left of. He does not allow any fiasco to pull him to the ground level and never get up again. He also has established a certain charm with the Indian people that they keep on accepting him despite his failures and continuously gives him the chance that he needs. Without this charm, he would have had a hard time bringing back the luster of his name in the face of all the controversies that he had been through.Today, he continues to live up his image as the legend of Indian television. It must be remembered that Bachchan’s influence in the movies in India is remarkable because he defied the odds at a time when everyone was into romance. Through his acting abilities he was able to change the genre of the themes in Indian movies and provided variety. Without him, there would have been no variety in the Bollywood films and the film makers would have just stuck with the traditional portrayal of a character in the movie. He introduced innovation and experimentation in Indian movies.His significance as an actor and influence to the Indian populace is indelible because of the great contribution that he made in the movies and also because of the way his movies shaped the minds of the people. From the early 70’s until the 90’s he was the only actor who was patronized by the Indian people. It seemed that he was the only actor then existing thus the title, â€Å"one man industry†. It would take a really brilliant man and a well-skilled actor to be able to dominate the film industry which is considered to be the biggest in the world and holds a record high of movies produced annually in the world (MSN Encarta onlone encyclopedia n.pag. ). T o date, India is the country which has the highest number of movies produced annually registering 800 movies a year (Chopra n. pag). Only a few people could exert such an influence in a such a big industry. Films to the Indian people is very important and well patronized because to them, cinema is not just entertainment. It is all about passion. Since the dawn of film production in the country, the entertainment industry has produced 27,000 films in 52 languages. Everyday, people in India flock the 13,000 movie houses in the country and enjoy the song and dance that the movies offer (Chopra n.pag). Many of the films that Indians produce come from the factories of Mumbai or Bombay. The film industry in Bombay is what is known was Bollywood it is India’s Hindi film capital and the home of ten sprawling studios. The movies that are produced in this part of India have ranging budgets, some start big time amounting to five million dollars while the others have to content themselve s with a meager fund of fifty-thousand dollars and create the movie within ten to fifteen days.Many parts of India are also flustering with movie producers but nothing could still match Bollywood, the industry where Bachchan established his name. Bollywood according to Chopra has a wider audience reaching to Indians who are scattered across the globe and the stars are considered gods. (Chopra n. pag. ). Through the years, many changes have also been undertaken in the Hindi films. It has leaped giant steps in terms of the technical production but its themes are leaping like babies, one small step at a time. The themes that it used to foster traditionally remain to be evident in Hindi films. (Chopra n.pag). This only shows that Hindi films can hardly be infiltrated and changed overnight as they are influenced by culture and tradition and it took a really powerful man such as Bachchan to have changed the twist of Indian films for a certain period in history. Works Cited â€Å"Amitabh Bachchan Biography. † N. d. A punk choice. com. 28 April 2008. â€Å"Amitabh Bachchan. † N. d. Bollywoodblog. com. 28 April 2008 â€Å"Amitabh Bachchan. † N. d. Indiazen. com. 28 April 2008 â€Å"Amitabh Bachchan. † N. d. Hindilyrix. com. 28 April 2008. â€Å"Amitabh Bachchan: The Comeback Man. † N. d. BBC news. 28 April 2008 â€Å"Amitabh Bachchan. † N. d. Indiaoye. 28 April 2008 Chopra, Anupama. â€Å"Bollywood: India’s Star Machine†. n. d. Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia side bar. 28 April 2008

Free Essays on Business Marketing

By: Maria Kath Michael Porter, a Harvard Professor introduces his ideology of the Five Forces model that shapes the competition in the industry. Each force is interrelated and therefore leads into the other to show the elements directly involved in the further success or ultimate success of the firm. Starbucks Coffee Co. throughout its existence since 1971, with its great management team, innovative style of thinking and strong will to succeed in compliance with its mission and vision statements has and continues to overcome its barriers by recognizing such strategic planning as those included in Porter’s five forces model. The model includes such components as Barriers to Entry, Supplier and Buyer Power, Threat of Substitutions, and most importantly the Industry Competitors. Starbucks throughout its existence has addressed each and every one of Porters forces with a positive edge that has greatly contributed to the success of the company. Starbucks took many risks and spent capital that it really did not have. To build a corporation based on intuition and a trip to Italy has undoubtedly paid off in the long run which is evident throughout the year that Starbucks has been in operation. Howard Schultz, CEO and founder of the company, has stuck to his conviction not to â€Å"sacrifice long-term integrity and values for short-term profit.† He knew if he played his cards right and stuck to his guns it would only be a matter of time that Starbucks would become the world largest coffee industry in the world. He wanted the company to become and international outlet for coffee consumers which not only included men and woman but also addresses the needs and wants of those of all ages and nationalities, children, students and any other category of people that have and interest in Starbucks diverse product line. With constant dedication to the company’s vision and mission statement and believing in the value of market share and name recogni... Free Essays on Business Marketing Free Essays on Business Marketing By: Maria Kath Michael Porter, a Harvard Professor introduces his ideology of the Five Forces model that shapes the competition in the industry. Each force is interrelated and therefore leads into the other to show the elements directly involved in the further success or ultimate success of the firm. Starbucks Coffee Co. throughout its existence since 1971, with its great management team, innovative style of thinking and strong will to succeed in compliance with its mission and vision statements has and continues to overcome its barriers by recognizing such strategic planning as those included in Porter’s five forces model. The model includes such components as Barriers to Entry, Supplier and Buyer Power, Threat of Substitutions, and most importantly the Industry Competitors. Starbucks throughout its existence has addressed each and every one of Porters forces with a positive edge that has greatly contributed to the success of the company. Starbucks took many risks and spent capital that it really did not have. To build a corporation based on intuition and a trip to Italy has undoubtedly paid off in the long run which is evident throughout the year that Starbucks has been in operation. Howard Schultz, CEO and founder of the company, has stuck to his conviction not to â€Å"sacrifice long-term integrity and values for short-term profit.† He knew if he played his cards right and stuck to his guns it would only be a matter of time that Starbucks would become the world largest coffee industry in the world. He wanted the company to become and international outlet for coffee consumers which not only included men and woman but also addresses the needs and wants of those of all ages and nationalities, children, students and any other category of people that have and interest in Starbucks diverse product line. With constant dedication to the company’s vision and mission statement and believing in the value of market share and name recogni...

Finding Hidden Writing Jobs

Finding Hidden Writing Jobs Three weeks ago, I landed a job writing $100-a-piece articles for a marketing agency. The recruiter told me I was one of only three people to respond and asked me how I had found her ad that she had deliberately placed in some uncommon corner. I sent her the article, Three Ways To Find Writing Jobs On The Deep Web, that I had once written for FundsforWriters. Three years ago, I collected search engines that crawl the Deep Web in order to find hidden online jobs. The Deep Web represents approximately 3,000 out of 1 web pages according to the science journal Nature, and they are hidden from regular search engines because they are too small, passwords of such pages include Twitter, Behance, Ryze, forums, password-protected business sites, Tumblr, Reddit, or newly-born blogs. I searched for engines that can scour these sites so I could uncover hidden writing jobs. Method I check alternative search engines to see if they retrieve ads for writing jobs. I read books on the Deep Web such as The Invisible Web I copy methods of certain HR recruiters who had devised their own systems for finding hidden opportunities (albeit in the recruiting niche). I also experiment with different keywords and keyword patterns to see which are more likely to produce jobs on different sites. So, for instance, I found that hiring writers or writers wanted works on Tumblr but I use looking for writers for Facebook. These are nine of the top engines that I uncovered. Boardreader   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Youll want to use the Advanced Search to help you make the most of this site. Few engines need as exact keywords as this does. Omgili – Oh My Gosh I Like It really does help you find communities, message boards, and discussion threads on any topic. Type in your keywords (I used looking for freelance _) and access Discussion Posts or Blog Posts. Dotmos.com – It helps you dig news in your field that you may less likely see on the common search engines. I use it for looking for jobs. too. Create Link Socialbearing.com – This engine helps you drill Twitter. Twazzup.com – This is a new all-in-one Twitter search engine. Twitter has other search engines that you can use such as OneRiot and Louis Gray, but the helpful thing about Twazzup is that you can type in whatever interests you and Twazzup returns related content. Smashfuse.com Smashfuse travels Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Google+, Pinterest, Vimeo, Tumblr, and Flickr among others. Minuses: The site lacks advanced options. (I add date or country to the keyword or I use general keywords. The latter option is probably best). Blogsearchengine.org – This engine also scours StumbleUpon and delicious giving you two further sites for finding   jobs from Minus: The site lacks advanced options. MeltwaterIceRocket.com – This is one of the most powerful blog search engines. It searches blogs, Twitter, Facebook, and sites on the worldwide web. Webring Find people and groups who share your interest. This group is a cross between LinkedIn and Facebook and is especially helpful for   beginners who want to find contacts or jobs. Freelancers spend money, time, and tears networking, marketing, or cold-calling to escape the competition.  I found an easier, more comfortable way that works just as well: Probing the deep web.

Urban Education Policy and School Improvement Essay

Urban Education Policy and School Improvement - Essay Example The educational system that is embedded in the current society tends to harness the growth of students by providing a curriculum that prepares them for their careers. However, the huge disparities between rich and poor district students are detrimental because it hinders the growth of students in the less fortunate neighborhoods.   One of the key aspects that creates this disparity can be categorized as â€Å"unavoidable circumstances† which consist of many elements.   Conducive studies conducted in this matter indicate that the major cause of achievement gap in New Jersey State is because of the socio-economic factors that have contributed to this grown problem.   Abbott’s struggle to advocate for equal funding of the education system can truly be a catalyst towards an extreme reform in the poor district. As a matter of fact, school administrators have suggested to a more useful approach of the tax money by allocating to the educational system. Undoubtedly, this will attract high-quality professors that can work with the school systems in order to meet the educations that are developed by the district.   Provision of equal funding and learning materials might not adequately close the existing achievement gap in the state as more effort needs to be instilled in order to solve this dilemma. As poverty greatly contributes to underdevelopment of students and minimizes their chances of achieving success in education, it is critical that the government should funnel funding into these poor areas.

Business Project Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business Project - Case Study Example (Yahoo Finance, 2005c) This is supported by the fact that IBM's gross revenue lags behind Microsoft and Dell Computers respectively. This is the reason why IBM is behind Microsoft by $1.55B in terms of its current net income. Recent changes in the technological milieu have provided Microsoft with several opportunities which they could exploit in order to gain advantage in the market. To illustrate, there is a growth of the use of mobile applications among the business sector as reflected by the emergence of personal digital assistants which could provide Microsoft the opportunity to take advantage of the virtually small number of companies offering software services for the said hardware. (Lewis et al, 2003) Moreover, the market for non-computer devices (non-desktop computer devices) apparently has been a growing industry as a consequence of the demand of the trendy and savvy modern professionals. (Amoruso et al, 2002) Finally, majority of the business divisions of the company is expanding which provides future possibilities for success. Similarly a number of general circumstances have also served as a threat to the company's macro-environmental settings. Among these threats is the fact that the life cycle of technological products is continuously becoming shorter as a result to the rapid developments in technology (Amoruso et al, 2002). Moreover, the competitors of the company, Apple and Linux, continue to eat up a bigger share on the market of operating systems. In terms of its global commerce, the reality of currency volatility could be detrimental in sales of the products of the company overseas. Alternative Course of Action Positioning IBM Consulting Services is entering the consumer electronics market with television sets, digital music players and an online music service, opening yet another front in its war with rivals Gateway Inc. and Apple Computer Inc. The shift is part of a broader strategy by IBM Consulting Services to expand its highly efficient, low-cost distribution model - which has consistently squeezed other personal-computer makers - into other markets, such as printers and servers. Gateway has also recently branched into consumer electronics after suffering brutal losses to IBM Consulting Services in the PC market. Research shows that, IBM Consulting Services is a well-managed leader in the PC industry with a commanding share of the fast-growing market segment of direct sales According to research, IBM Consulting Services developed a two-year communications plan based on the following strategies: Target a high-quality thought-leader media with stories that reinforce desired messages. According to sources, IBM Consulting S

Cover Letter for a Residency Program in Family Medicine Essay

Cover Letter for a Residency Program in Family Medicine - Essay Example I am confident that my combination of practical work experience and reliable educational background has prepared me for making an immediate impact on large public hospitals. Having worked in leading international hospitals in the health care, I am highly skilled in various clinical procedures and understand the level of professionalism and communication that should be displayed for the long-term success in the medical area. My background and professional approach to treatments made me responsible, punctual and extremely organized. During these years of high competition I developed leadership qualities with skills to motivate employees around me. I have proved my abilities to successfully carry out managerial tasks and actively react to emergency situations. I believe that I can be of significant and valuable contribution to the Canadian Medical facility as a physician. I hope that my professional dedication and hard-working attitude will serve the healthcare need and will provide the community with the respected health support.

Facilitating Obstetric Services for Pregnant Women

Facilitating Obstetric Services for Pregnant Women Socio-cultural INFULENCES AND Access TO Basic Obstetric Care (BOC) Abstract Although pregnancy and childbirth are not of medical origin, respectively, they signify normal physiological events. Women who are pregnant often anticipate satisfactory childbirth outcomes, with no complications during the birthing process. Maternal and Child health is achieved through comprehensive obstetric interventions. While basic obstetric care is available for pregnant women, socio-cultural beliefs are effective as well to convince them not to access appropriate care during obstetric emergencies. Therefore, this essay explains why pregnant women are often unable to receive care they need and the benefits of accessing essential obstetric care in health facilities. Socio-cultural Beliefs and Childbirth Practices Whilst there are many cultures throughout the world, every culture is distinct and varies considerably from one another. Culture is viewed as a main pillar that clearly defines ethnic identity, autonomy, and the tribal dominance of a society (Bravo Noya, 2014). Its influence is fascinating by the way certain skills, knowledge, and practices are observed and learnt over a period of time to maintain and preserve its existence (Sherry Ornstein, 2014). Similarly, different societies have profound cultural beliefs and interpretations in relation to pregnancy and childbirth practices. Though birthing is an individual occasion, it is also an important societal experience that impacts women’s perceptions and certain beliefs between respective societies (Kaphle, Hancock, Newman, 2013). For instance, during pregnancy, women strictly observe their cultural norms and â€Å"taboos† by avoiding certain foods or diets. In general, a particular food that is abundant in protein is avoided due to their mutual belief(s) that may lead to congenital deformed babies, resembling features of food eaten, or their babies may grow big thereby complicating the second stage of labour (Kuzma, et al., 2013). Cultural influences are persuasive, and thus, prevent pregnant women to access essential maternal health care. Socio-cultural Beliefs and Access to Basic Obstetric Care (BOC) In spite of the fact that there are many different societies, they are often classified into two broad kinds of societies; patrilineal or matrilineal. Patrilineal society is more common and influential. Patrilineal societies qualify men to own the land, properties, make critical decisions, and decide on family size (Koian, 2010). Land is considered as an important asset for families in ethnic societies. This is why, in patrilineal societies, men would often want to have more male children in their family to inherit the land, and also to take full responsibility during their old age (Tao, 2014). In contrast, women’s responsibilities are often associated with domestic duties, such as cooking, gardening, childbearing and childrearing. On the other hand, basic medical ailments and maternal health services (for example, Family Planning) are viewed as insignificant to certain societies, and are perceived to only interfere with their cultural beliefs (Kaphle, Hancock, Newman, 2013). Moreover, any pregnancy or childbirth-related complications are considered abnormal, and the victim (pregnant woman) is condemned for disobedience; as a result, she is cursed by ancestral evil forces (Kuzma, et al., 2013). Such cultural beliefs often have subsequent impact on pregnant women accessing and utilising vital antenatal and obstetric care (Boerleider, Wiegers, Mannien, Francke, Deville, 2013). Traditional Birth Attendance (TBA) and their Experiences To strengthen maternal health care, emphasis is placed on pregnant women accessing health facilities for supervised care and deliveries from Skilled Birth Attendants (SBAs). These are qualified health professionals (such as; midwives, nurses and doctors) who are able to manage pregnancies and childbirths, and detect possible obstetric complications threatening to the mother and her unborn baby (Uzt, Siddiqui, Adegoke, Broeke, 2013). In many societies, Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) are available, usually old women who are considered skilful and knowledgeable in managing childbirths. Their competency of practice has become women’s first choice of contact when in labour. Also, their respectful approach toward mothers, irrespective of their social status, age, parity, and reasonable labour fees, have continued to influence women’s perception of positive childbirth experiences under their care (Akpabio, Edet, Etifit, Bassey, 2014). Unfortunately, TBAs still require essential evidence-based knowledge; they need adequate emergency obstetric skills and kits to manage during labour and birth emergencies. Their performing (birthing) roles were observed, and acquired only through other experienced TBAs. Yet, pregnant women still forgo formal deliveries to seek assistance from TBAs. Even some who often attend antenatal clinics still prefer TBAs during labour. Such care outside the scope of professional practice results in high rates of preventable maternal deaths (Akpabio, Edet, Etifit, Bassey, 2014). Pregnancy and childbirth experiences can be life-threatening without the presence of SBAs. Hence, it is necessary for pregnant mothers to seek formal support, and care in health care settings where health care providers, and essential life-saving equipment are available. Health Care Providers’ Attitudes and Approaches Health Care Providers have primary responsibilities in providing health care effectively to their patients (women) without favouritism, injustice, harassment, and discrimination due to their socio-cultural attributes. One of the reason that affects pregnant women in relation to seeking a health centre birth is the â€Å"maltreatment† they receive from health care providers. Such unethical treatment in general includes professional negligence, abusive language, discrimination, and interventions without granting permission (Moyer, Adongo, Aborigo, Hodgson, Engmann, 2014). They feel that the environment is not conducive for them. Thus, the fear of ill treatment from health care providers (especially, midwives and other female health workers) often discourages women from accessing health care to deliver their babies (Essendi, Mills, Fotso, 2010). The attitudes and approaches of health care providers must be facilitated in such a friendly manner so as to encourage midwife/nurse-t o-mother relationships to achieve optimal maternal outcomes. Another reason that often prevents pregnant women opting for hospital births is their fear of health workers’ keeping their placentas for disposal (without giving the placentas to them). Some women often use placentas to execute traditional ceremonials, and are concerned it will be difficult for them to take their placentas home. Such deprivation becomes a hindrance for some of them to access supervised delivery where appropriate and essential (Moyer, Adongo, Aborigo, Hodgson, Engmann, 2014). For that reason, establishing rapport and providing empathetic care and a compassionate attitude is expected. Transcultural conflicts in health are precluded when care is integrated harmoniously without cultural interference. Conclusion In conclusion, the emphasis on facilitating obstetric services for pregnant women performs an essential role in strengthening maternal and child health. Improving accessibility and reinforcement at all levels of the health care system is of paramount importance for obstetric services to function effectively. Professional conduct during the care is needed while as much as possible, accommodating socio-cultural attributes to attain best possible outcomes. Also, comprehensive community-based programs by health care providers relating to maternal health, has the potential to connect any existing socio-cultural barriers, and allow women to freely utilize obstetric care when necessary. Bibliography Akpabio, I., Edet, O., Etifit, R., Bassey, G. (2014). Womens Preference for Traditional Birth Attendants and Modern Health Care Practioners in Akpabuyo Community of Cross River State, Nigeria. Health Care for Women International, 35:1, 100-109. Boerleider, A., Wiegers, T., Mannien, J., Francke, A., Deville, W. (2013). Factors affecting the Use of Prenatal Care by Non-western Women in Industrialized Western Countries: A Systemic Review. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 13:81, 1471-2393. Bravo, I., Noya, M. (2014). Culture in Prenatal Development: Parental Attitudes, Availability of Care, Expectations, Values and Nutrition. Child Youth Care Forum. 43, 521-538. Essendi, H., Mills, S., Fotso, C. (2010). Barriers to Formal Emergency Obstetric Care Services Utilization. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, Vol.88, Suppl.2, S356-S369. Faisal, A., Tofayel, A. (2014). Influence of the Socio-cultural Factors in Health-seeking Behaviour of Women during Pregnancy in Rural Bangladesh . Journal of Exclusion Studies, Vol.4, Issue:1, 1-11. Kaphle, S., Hancock, H., Newman, L. (2013). Childbirth Traditions and Cultural Perceptions of Safety in Nepal: Critical Spaces to ensure the Survival of Mothers and Newborns in Remote Mountain Villages. Midwifery 29, 1173-1181. Koian, R. (2010). Women in Patrilineal and Matrilineal Societies in Melanesia. Madang, PNG: Bismark Ramu Group. Kosum, Z., Yurdakul, M. (2012). Factors Affecting the Use of Emergency Obstetric Care among Pregnant Women with Antenatal Bleeding. Midwifery 29, 440-446. Kuzma, J., Paofa, D., Kaugle, N., Catherina, T., Samiak, S., Kumei, E. (2013). Food Taboos and Traditional Customs Among Pregnant Women in Papua New Guinea: Missed Opportunity for Education in Antenatal Clinics. Contemporary PNG Studies: DWU Research Journal, Vol.19, 1-11. Moyer, C., Adongo, P., Aborigo, R., Hodgson, A., Engmann, C. (2014). They treat you like you are not a human being: Maltreatment during Labour and Delivery in Rural Northern Ghana. Midwifery 30, 262-268. Sherry, S., Ornstein, A. (2014). The Preservation and Transmission of Cultural Values and Ideals: Challenges Facing Immigrant Families. Psychoanalytic Inquiry: A Topical Journal for Mental Health Professionals, 34:5, 452-462. Tao, L. (2014). Why do women interact with their parents more often then men? The demonstration effect vs. biological effect. The Social Science Journal, 1-11. Uzt, B., Siddiqui, G., Adegoke, A., Broeke, N. (2013). Definitions and Roles of a Skilled Birth Attendant: A Mapping Exercise from South-Asian Countries. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica (AOGS), 1-7. Yankuzo, K. (2014). Impact of Globalization on the Traditional African Cultures. International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 4, 1-8. McKenzie Maviso1